Optimization of energy consumption per kg of pure meat by electrical and thermal systems in broiler chicken farms / [Otimização do consumo de energia por kg de carne pura por meio de sistemas térmicos em granjas de frangos de corte]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrical and thermal systems optimization on energy consumption in broiler farms. Experiments were conducted in 4 different climates (cold, hot, dry, and temperate) with four treatments (4 broiler farms in each region) and 5 iterations (5 rearing periods per farm) on the Ross 308 strain of broiler chicken in a completely randomized basic design. The results showed that the solutions applied in cold and dry climates had a significant effect on reducing energy consumption (P<0.05). In the hot climate, although the reduction in energy consumption was observed after the application of the solutions, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the application of solutions in temperate climates created a significant difference in the specific amount of thermal energy consumption per kilo of meat and total energy (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present experiment showed that optimizing the electrical and thermal systems of broiler houses could reduce energy consumption in all climates.(AU)

O presente estudo foi realizado para investigar o efeito da otimização de sistemas elétricos e térmicos no consumo de energia em fazendas de frangos de corte. Foram realizadas experiências em 4 climas diferentes (frio, quente, seco e temperado) com quatro tratamentos (4 granjas de frangos de corte em cada região) e 5 iterações (5 períodos de criação por granja) na cepa Ross 308 de frangos de corte em um projeto básico completamente aleatório. Os resultados mostraram que as soluções aplicadas em climas frios e secos tiveram um efeito significativo na redução do consumo de energia (P<0,05). No clima quente, embora a redução no consumo de energia tenha sido observada após a aplicação das soluções, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (P>0,05). Além disso, a aplicação de soluções em climas temperados criou uma diferença significativa na quantidade específica de consumo de energia térmica por quilo de carne e energia total (P<0,05). Em geral, os resultados do presente experimento mostraram que a otimização dos sistemas elétricos e térmicos das casas de frangos de corte poderia reduzir o consumo de energia em todos os climas.(AU)

Módulo Cartas Avales para el Sistema Informático Colpadi de la Unidad Central de Cooperación Médica. Cuba / Module Letters Guarantees for the Colpadi Computer System of the Central Unit for Medical Cooperation. Cuba

La Unidad Central de Cooperación Médica (UCCM) es un centro de excelencia del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MINSAP). Este centro se encarga de garantizar el cumplimiento de los compromisos internacionales contraídos por el MINSAP y el Gobierno de la República de Cuba, en el área de la cooperación médica a través de la asistencia técnica y docente. El objetivo de este desarrollo es implementar un módulo para el Sistema Integral para la Gestión de Información en la Colaboración Médica Cubana (Colpadi), que optimice el proceso de gestión de cartas avales que se generan en la UCCM. El trabajo que se desarrolla contribuye de forma positiva al concepto de excelencia de la institución. El proyecto tiene un enfoque cualitativo, con alcance descriptivo, de tipo retrospectivo y diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. Se emplean los métodos científicos de observación y análisis documental. Además, la implementación utilizando el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado (UML) y la metodología RUP de desarrollo de software. Como resultado se obtiene un módulo, como parte del sistema informático Colpadi, que optimiza el proceso de gestión de cartas avales. Las cartas avales se entregan a los cooperantes internacionalistas del MINSAP en sus vacaciones y al finalizar su misión en el exterior. Con la implementación de la aplicación informática se obtienen varias ventajas como la automatización de los vuelos de entrada, las solicitudes automáticas para el procesamiento de las cartas avales, los reportes estadísticos y el tratamiento de la información(AU)

Central Unit for Medical Cooperation (UCCM) is a center of excellence of the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). This center is in charge for guaranteeing compliance with the international commitments made by MINSAP and the Government of the Republic of Cuba, in the area of ​​medical cooperation through technical and educational assistance. This research contributes positively to the institution's concept of excellence. Its objective is to implement a module for the Colpadi computer system, which it optimizes the process for managing the guarantee letters generated at the UCCM. The research has a qualitative approach, with a descriptive scope, of a retrospective type and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Scientific observation and documentary analysis methods are used; as well as UML, and RUP software development methodology in its implementation. As a result, a module is obtained, as part of the Colpadi computer system, which it optimizes the guarantee letter management process. The letters of guarantee are delivered to the internationalist aid workers of the MINSAP, on their vacations and at the end of their mission abroad. With the implementation of the computer application, several advantages are obtained, such as the automation of the incoming flights, the automatic requests for the processing of the letters of guarantee, the statistical reports and the treatment of the information(AU)

Manual para otimização da aquisição de medicamentos no âmbito hospitalar / Manual for optimizing the acquisition of medicines in the hospital environment

Introdução: a falta de um medicamento durante a internação hospitalar, põe em risco o correto cumprimento dos planos terapêuticos traçados para os pacientes, o que pode vir a gerar a recidiva de um quadro clínico, o prolongamento do tempo de internação e o consequente aumento de custos para a instituição, seja ela pública ou privada. Dentro da cadeia logística do medicamento, diversas são as etapas que podem contribuir para o desabastecimento. No âmbito hospitalar essa logística se dá por meio do ciclo da assistência farmacêutica que compreende as etapas de seleção, programação, aquisição, armazenamento, distribuição e dispensação de medicamentos. Os estoques da farmácia hospitalar são caracterizados por ciclos de demandas e de ressuprimentos, com flutuações significativas, o que dificulta a disponibilidade na mesma proporção da utilização do medicamento. Tendo em vista esta complexidade torna-se necessário o uso de indicadores, que avaliem os processos de trabalho. Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as principais causas de desabastecimento de medicamentos em uma unidade de saúde e desenvolver um manual para otimização da aquisição de medicamentos. Materiais e método: Inicialmente foi realizado um mapeamento do fluxo de valor a fim de compreender a movimentação de materiais e informações envolvidos no processo de aquisição de medicamentos. Posteriormente, confeccionou-se uma planilha para registrar o fluxo logístico dos produtos, que resultou na obtenção dos pontos críticos do processo. A coleta dos dados de aquisição de medicamentos foi realizada durante o ano de 2019. Os critérios avaliados foram definidos com base nas ocorrências que mais contribuíram para o desabastecimento, seja pela relevância, ou pela frequência. Por fim foi elaborado um manual contendo critérios, normas, e procedimentos, a serem seguidos a fim de se evitar o desabastecimento. Resultados: Elaboração de um manual para otimização da aquisição de medicamentos composto por: mapa do fluxo de valor logístico de medicamentos, planilha para registro da logística de aquisição de medicamentos, procedimentos operacionais padrão para a gestão da aquisição de medicamentos. Conclusão: com o manual espera-se otimizar a gestão logística de medicamentos e reduzir a incidência de problemas com desabastecimento, gerando um impacto positivo na assistência ao paciente

Introduction: the lack of a drug during hospitalization puts at risk the correct compliance with the therapeutic plans outlined for the patients, which can lead to the recurrence of a clinical condition, the extension of the hospital stay and the consequent increase in costs for the institution, whether public or private. Within the drug's logistics chain, there are several steps that can contribute to shortages. In the hospital context, this logistics takes place through the pharmaceutical care cycle, which comprises the stages of selection, programming, acquisition, storage, distribution and dispensing of medicines. Hospital pharmacy stocks are characterized by cycles of demand and resupply, with significant fluctuations, which makes availability in the same proportion as the use of the medication difficult. Due to this complexity, it is necessary to use indicators that assess work processes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the main causes of drug shortages in a health unit and to develop a manual for optimizing drug acquisition. Materials and method: Initially, a mapping of the value stream was carried out in order to understand the flow of materials and information involved in the drug procurement process. Subsequently, a spreadsheet was made to record the logistical flow of the products, which resulted in the critical points of the process being obtained. Logistic data for drug acquisition during 2019 were collected and the criteria evaluated were defined based on the occurrences that most contributed to the shortage, either by relevance or by the frequency with which they occurred. Finally, a manual was created containing criteria, norms, and procedures to be followed in order to avoid shortages. Results: Preparation of a manual for optimizing drug procurement, comprising: a map of the logistical value flow of drugs, a spreadsheet for recording the logistics of drug procurement, standard operating procedures for managing drug procurement. Conclusion: the manual is expected to optimize the logistical management of medicines and reduce the incidence of problems with shortages, generating a positive impact on patient care

Desenvolvimento e otimização de sistemas conservantes empregando os conceitos de Qualidade por Design (QbD) e Tecnologia Analítica de Processos (PAT) / Development and optimization of preservative systems using Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) concepts

Recentemente, produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos com concentrações mínimas de parabenos e outros conservantes ganharam e apelo comercial e de segurança, devido à controvérsia sobre a segurança dos conservantes. No entanto, o uso de conservantes é essencial para garantir a conservação microbiana de produtos cosméticos e farmacêuticos durante o seu uso. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um método quimiométrico de espectroscopia no infravermelho com Fourier transform near-infrared (FTIR) para prever a eficácia de sistemas conservantes em produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos tópicos usando os conceitos de Quality by design (QbD) e Process Analytical Technology (PAT). A abordagem de QbD foi usada para determinar a eficácia antimicrobiana frente aos microrganismos: Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), em funções das concentrações de parabenos, e determinar a região de Design Space, empregando o delineamento de compóstio central (CCD) Todas as 15 formulações preparadas foram analisadas utilizando um espectrofotômetro (FTIR) equipado com aparato de Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). Os modelos de regressão por Partial Least Squares (PLS) para predição dos "slopes" das curvas de morte microbiana em função dos espectros ATR/FTIR foram bem ajustados, com R2 e R2-predição de 0,9937 e 0,8921, 0,9947 e 0,8783, e 0,9957 e 0,9222 para Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), respectivamente. O método FTIR proposto aplicado em uma abordagem de PAT foi capaz de prever a eficácia do sistema conservante em tempo reduzido. Este método de predição de silício permitirá um controle lote-a-lote da eficácia do sistema conservante de produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos

Recently, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics with minimal concentrations of parabens and other preservatives have gained and commercial and safety appeal due to controversy over the safety of preservatives. However, the use of preservatives is essential to ensure the microbial conservation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products during use. In this work, a chemometric method of infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) was developed to predict the effectiveness of preservative systems in pharmaceutical products and topical cosmetics using the concepts of Quality by design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT). The QbD approach was used to determine antimicrobial efficacy against candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) microorganisms 6538), in functions of paraben concentrations, and determine the Design Space region, employing the design of central composite (CCD). All 15 prepared formulations were analyzed using a spectrophotometer (FTIR) equipped with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models for the prediction of the slopes of microbial death curves as a function of ATR /FTIR spectra were well adjusted, with R2 and R2-prediction 0.9937 and 0.8921, 0.9947 and 0.8783, and 0.9957 and 0.9222 for Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)respectively. The proposed FTIR method applied in a PAT approach was able to predict the effectiveness of the preservative system in reduced time. This method in silico prediction will allow a batch-to-lot control of the effectiveness of the preservative system of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Optimization of cosmetic formulations development using Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology: physical, sensory and moisturizing properties

Considering the importance of an adequate composition of the formulation in the development of stable, safe and effective cosmetic products, experimental design techniques are tools that can optimize the formulation development process. The objective of this study was to develop topical formulations using the Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology and evaluate its physical, sensory and moisturizing properties. The experimental design used in the first step allowed to identify and to quantify the influence of raw materials, as well as the interaction between them. In the second step, the analysis identified the influence of soy lecithin, the phytantriol and capric acid triglyceride and caprylic on the consistency index, stickiness and greasiness and skin hydration. Cetearyl alcohol, dicetyl phosphate and cetyl phosphate 10EO and acrylates/C10-30 alkylacrylate crosspolymer showed effects in rheological parameters. The addition of soy lecithin had significant effects in terms of consistency index, stickiness, oiliness and immediate moisturizing effects. Phytantriol showed effects on increasing consistency index and oiliness sensation. Thus, the experimental design was shown to be an effective tool for research and development of cosmetics, since it allowed the assessment of the individual and interaction effects of raw materials in the responses: rheological parameters, sensory and clinical efficacy.

Application of quality by design approach in RP-HPLC method development for simultaneous estimation of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form

A simple, sensitive, precise, accurate and robust high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of saxagliptin (SAXA) and dapagliflozin (DAPA) in pharmaceutical formulation. Design of experiments (DoE) was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method. Risk assessment was performed to identify the critical method parameters. Three independent factors; mobile phase composition, flow rate and column temperature were used to design mathematical models. Central composite design (CCD) was used to study the response surface methodology and to study in depth the effects of these independent factors. Desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize the retention time and resolution of SAXA and DAPA. The optimized and predicted data from contour diagram consisted of acetonitrile and ortho phosphoric acid (0.1%) in the ratio of 50:50 respectively, at a flow rate of 0.98 ml/min and column temperature 31.4 °C. Using these optimum conditions baseline separation of both drugs with good resolution and run time of less than 6 min were achieved. The optimized assay conditions were validated according to ICH guidelines. Hence, the results clearly showed that Quality by design approach could be successfully applied to optimize RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of SAXA and DAPA.

Optimización de las condiciones de inoculación por biobalística de un Begomovirus en tomate y tabaco / Optimizing conditions for biolistic inoculation of Begomovirus in tomato and tobacco

La transmisión experimental de Begomovirus es problemática. La mayoría de estos virus se pueden transmitir de planta a planta por su vector biológico, Bemisia tabaci. Las inoculaciones experimentales con mosca blanca son problemáticas debido a sus hábitos de alimentación, requerimiento de una planta viva infectada e instalaciones de contención para el vector. Por su parte la inoculación mecánica de Begomovirus es posible, pero generalmente a tasas bajas y no en todos los casos. Por esta razón el bombardeo de partículas (biobalística) de DNA viral como una estrategia de inoculación fue desarrollada. La posibilidad de utilizar el dispositivo de mano Helios Gen Gun System (Biorad®), un equipo de biobalística, para la transmisión de un Begomovirus bipartita a plantas de tomate y tabaco fue ensayado y optimizado. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: número de disparos (1-2), presión de helio (220 y 320 psi) y diámetro de las partículas de oro (0.6 y 1.6µm). Los síntomas característicos de la enfermedad viral (clorosis, mosaico y deformación de la hoja) aparecieron 3 semanas después del bombardeo en las hojas jóvenes no inoculadas. La replicación del DNA viral en las plantas se confirmó por Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Plantas infectadas en un 100 se obtuvieron cuando en el bombardeo se emplearon partículas de oro de 1.6 µm recubiertas con DNA viral a una presión de 320psi. A nuestro entender este es el primer reporte en Colombia de la inoculación directa de plantas de tomate y tabaco con un Begomovirus bipartita usando un dispositivo portátil de biobalística.

Experimental transmission of Begomovirus is problematic. Most Begomoviruses can be transmitted readily from plant to plant by the whitefly vector, but this also requires a live infected plant and extensive facilities to maintain the insect. Whitefly inoculations can also be problematic because of their preferential feeding habits on certain plants. Mechanical inoculation of Begomovirus is possible but generally at low rates and for others not at all. For this reason particle bombardment (biolistic) of DNA viral as an inoculum was developed. The possibility of using the Helios Gen Gun System (Biorad®), a biolistic hand-held device, for transmitting Begomovirus bipartite to tomato and tobacco plants was assayed and optimized. Biolistic inoculation was carried out with the hand held device at 220 or 320 psi, applying 1 or 2 shots /plant and using gold particles of 0.6 or 1.6µm in size. Characteristic symptoms of viral disease (chlorosis, mosaic and leaf deformation) appeared 3 weeks post-inoculation in the newly developing leaves. Replication of the viral DNA in plants was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. All bombarded plants became infected when biolistic inoculation was carried out with the hand held device at 320psi and using 1.6 µm gold particles in size. To our knowledge this is the first report in Colombia of successful direct inoculation of tomato and tobacco plants with Begomovirus bipartite geminivirus using a biolistic hand-held device.

Obtenção de extratos de própolis sob diferentes condições e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica / Antifungal activity evaluation of different propolis extracts

A própolis é uma resina coletada das árvores pelas abelhas Apis mellifera L., que contém inúmeras substâncias, dentre elas os flavonóides. Devido a grande variedade de sua composição química, apresenta várias ações farmacológicas, destacando-se as ações antiinflamatória, cicatrizante, antitumoral e antimicrobiana, principalmente a antifúngica. Esta ação foi testada frente a leveduras isoladas de onicomicoses, que são infecções de difícil e longo tratamento que causam efeitos indesejáveis ao paciente. A própolis surge como uma eficiente opção de tratamento, pois é de baixa toxicidade e pode ser de uso tópico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a otimização do processo extrativo da própolis através de parâmetros físico-químicos e demonstração da atividade antifúngica.

Propolis is a resin collected by the bees Apis mellifera L., which contains several substances including the flavonoids. Due to a diversified chemical composition propolis presents some pharmacological actions, being distinguished the anti-inflammatory, healing, antitumoral and antimicrobial properties and, in particular, its antifungal action. This action has been tested against yeasts obtained from onychomycosis, which are infections of difficult and long treatment and they can manifest intolerable effects on the patient. The propolis appears as an efficient therapy option, as it has low toxicity and should be of dermal use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the optimization of the propolis extractive process through physiochemical parameters and antifungal activity demonstration.